United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.Corrigendum to “Presence of illicit drugs and metabolites in influents and effluents of 25 sewage water treatment plants and map of drug consumption in France”.
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Illicit drugs and the environment-A review. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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In general, disturbance in behaviour or a physiological process at individual-to-population level leads to the disruption of related functions/system and breakdown of ecosystem processes. reported female METH-exposed crayfish excavated burrows of lower depth and volume relative to individual weight than did controls, which had possible negative consequences especially during periods of drought. This may lead to disruption of predator–prey balance and indicate potential for food web and biodiversity alteration, as was observed by Bláha et al. However, we found the reaction to a natural stressor to be lower compared to that observed in unexposed crayfish, implying increased risk of predation, especially when combined with lower shelter use. exposed marbled crayfish to the same concentration of methamphetamine as used in the present study, and reported similar results with respect to locomotion, but found reduced sheltering behaviour in the exposed group. Crayfish were fed on chironomid larvae every 48 h.ĭespite altered physiological patterns, the locomotor activity of METH-exposed crayfish did not differ from that of the controls, which could be explained by high variation of individual locomotor reaction to stimuli ( Figure 3 and Figure 4). Opaque walls of tanks prevented disturbance the tanks were maintained at constant water temperature of 20 ☌ and a 12:12 dark: light regime, arranged in an arena system with a single video camera. , and then the fish were placed individually into 10 L static tanks containing shelters made from half of a plastic plant pot with a narrow oblong opening cut in the upper part to ensure unimpeded entrance of the crayfish carrying sensors. A noninvasive sensor for monitoring cardiac activity was attached to each crayfish as described by Kuklina et al. We separated 12 males and 12 females (carapace length 44.8 ± 0.82 mm) in intermoult, and divided into a METH exposure group and a METH-free control group (50:50 sex ratio). Crayfish were transferred to a recirculation system at the Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters USB, Czech Republic.
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leniusculus were collected in spring 2018 from Křesanovský Brook (49☀3′35.2″ N 13☄5′33.8″ E) positioned outside the possible sources of pollution, flowing from Šumava National Park, Czech Republic. Results indicate biological alterations in crayfish exposed to METH at low concentration level, potentially resulting in a shift in interactions among organisms in natural environment.
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Similarly, methamphetamine-exposed crayfish, during METH exposure, showed lower locomotor reaction poststressor application in contrast to controls. Methamphetamine-exposed crayfish showed a weaker cardiac response to stress than was observed in controls during both exposure and depuration phases. Heart rate and locomotion were recorded over a period of 30 min before and 30 min after exposure to haemolymph of an injured conspecific four times during METH exposure and four times during the depuration phase. To determine effects of long-term exposure to environmentally relevant levels on nontarget organisms, we analysed cardiac and locomotor responses of signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus to acute stress during a 21-day exposure to METH at 1 μg L −1 followed by 14 days depuration. Methamphetamine (METH), a central nervous system stimulant used as a recreational drug, is frequently found in surface waters at potentially harmful concentrations.